Swift - Operator Overloading

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Operator Overloading in Swift

Operator overloading is a powerful technique in Swift programming. Operator overloading allows us to change the working of the existing operators like +, -, /, *, %, etc. with the customized code.

It makes code more expressive and readable. To overload an operator, we have to define the behaviour of that operator using the "static func" keyword.

Syntax

Following is the syntax for operator overloading −

static func operatorName()
{
   // body 
}

Example 1

Swift program to overload + operator to calculate the sum of two complex numbers.

import Foundation
struct ComplexNumber {
   var real: Double
   var imag: Double
        
   // Overloading + operator to add two complex numbers
   static func+(left: ComplexNumber, right: ComplexNumber) -> ComplexNumber {
      return ComplexNumber(real: left.real + right.real, imag: left.imag + right.imag)
   }
}
let complexNumber1 = ComplexNumber(real: 2.1, imag: 2.0)
let complexNumber2 = ComplexNumber(real: 6.1, imag: 9.0)

// Calling + operator to add two complex numbers
let sumOfComplexNumbers = complexNumber1 + complexNumber2
print(sumOfComplexNumbers)

Output

ComplexNumber(real: 8.2, imag: 11.0)

Example 2

Swift program to overload custom prefix operator.

import Foundation

struct Car {
   var price: Double

   // Overloading the custom prefix operator "++" to increase the price of car
   static prefix func ++ (carPrice: inout Car) {
      carPrice.price += 500000.0
   }
}
var currentPrice = Car(price: 2500000.0)

// Calling the custom ++ operator to increase the car price ++currentPrice 
print("Updated car price is", currentPrice.price) 

Output

Updated car price is 2500000.0

Limitation of Operator Overloading in Swift

The following are the limitations of operator overloading −

• In Swift, you can overload limited operators like arithmetic and customized operators.
• While overloading operators, you are not allowed to change the precedence or associativity of the operators.
• Swift does not support short-circuiting behaviour for overloading logical operators.
• Do not overuse operator overloading because it makes your code difficult to read and understand.

Difference Between Operator Function and Normal Functions

The following are the major differences between the operator functions and normal functions −