Python Pandas - GroupBy

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Any groupby operation involves one of the following operations on the original object. They are −

  • Splitting the Object

  • Applying a function

  • Combining the results

In many situations, we split the data into sets and we apply some functionality on each subset. In the apply functionality, we can perform the following operations −

  • Aggregation − computing a summary statistic

  • Transformation − perform some group-specific operation

  • Filtration − discarding the data with some condition

Let us now create a DataFrame object and perform all the operations on it −

Live Demo 
#import the pandas library
import pandas as pd

ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
   'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
   'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
   'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
   'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}
df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)

print df

Its output is as follows −

    Points   Rank     Team   Year
0      876      1   Riders   2014
1      789      2   Riders   2015
2      863      2   Devils   2014
3      673      3   Devils   2015
4      741      3    Kings   2014
5      812      4    kings   2015
6      756      1    Kings   2016
7      788      1    Kings   2017
8      694      2   Riders   2016
9      701      4   Royals   2014
10     804      1   Royals   2015
11     690      2   Riders   2017

Split Data into Groups

Pandas object can be split into any of their objects. There are multiple ways to split an object like −

  • obj.groupby('key')
  • obj.groupby(['key1','key2'])
  • obj.groupby(key,axis=1)

Let us now see how the grouping objects can be applied to the DataFrame object

Example

Live Demo 
# import the pandas library
import pandas as pd

ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
   'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
   'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
   'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
   'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}
df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)

print df.groupby('Team')

Its output is as follows −

<pandas.core.groupby.DataFrameGroupBy object at 0x7fa46a977e50>

View Groups

Live Demo 
# import the pandas library
import pandas as pd

ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
   'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
   'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
   'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
   'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}
df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)

print df.groupby('Team').groups

Its output is as follows −

{'Kings': Int64Index([4, 6, 7],      dtype='int64'),
'Devils': Int64Index([2, 3],         dtype='int64'),
'Riders': Int64Index([0, 1, 8, 11],  dtype='int64'),
'Royals': Int64Index([9, 10],        dtype='int64'),
'kings' : Int64Index([5],            dtype='int64')}

Example

Group by with multiple columns −

Live Demo 
# import the pandas library
import pandas as pd

ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
   'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
   'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
   'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
   'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}
df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)

print df.groupby(['Team','Year']).groups

Its output is as follows −

{('Kings', 2014): Int64Index([4], dtype='int64'),
 ('Royals', 2014): Int64Index([9], dtype='int64'),
 ('Riders', 2014): Int64Index([0], dtype='int64'),
 ('Riders', 2015): Int64Index([1], dtype='int64'),
 ('Kings', 2016): Int64Index([6], dtype='int64'),
 ('Riders', 2016): Int64Index([8], dtype='int64'),
 ('Riders', 2017): Int64Index([11], dtype='int64'),
 ('Devils', 2014): Int64Index([2], dtype='int64'),
 ('Devils', 2015): Int64Index([3], dtype='int64'),
 ('kings', 2015): Int64Index([5], dtype='int64'),
 ('Royals', 2015): Int64Index([10], dtype='int64'),
 ('Kings', 2017): Int64Index([7], dtype='int64')}

Iterating through Groups

With the groupby object in hand, we can iterate through the object similar to itertools.obj.

Live Demo 
# import the pandas library
import pandas as pd

ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
   'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
   'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
   'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
   'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}
df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)

grouped = df.groupby('Year')

for name,group in grouped:
   print name
   print group

Its output is as follows −

2014
   Points  Rank     Team   Year
0     876     1   Riders   2014
2     863     2   Devils   2014
4     741     3   Kings    2014
9     701     4   Royals   2014

2015
   Points  Rank     Team   Year
1     789     2   Riders   2015
3     673     3   Devils   2015
5     812     4    kings   2015
10    804     1   Royals   2015

2016
   Points  Rank     Team   Year
6     756     1    Kings   2016
8     694     2   Riders   2016

2017
   Points  Rank    Team   Year
7     788     1   Kings   2017
11    690     2  Riders   2017

By default, the groupby object has the same label name as the group name.

Select a Group

Using the get_group() method, we can select a single group.

Live Demo 
# import the pandas library
import pandas as pd

ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
   'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
   'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
   'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
   'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}
df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)

grouped = df.groupby('Year')
print grouped.get_group(2014)

Its output is as follows −

   Points  Rank     Team    Year
0     876     1   Riders    2014
2     863     2   Devils    2014
4     741     3   Kings     2014
9     701     4   Royals    2014

Aggregations

An aggregated function returns a single aggregated value for each group. Once the group by object is created, several aggregation operations can be performed on the grouped data.

An obvious one is aggregation via the aggregate or equivalent agg method −

Live Demo 
# import the pandas library
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
   'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
   'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
   'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
   'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}
df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)

grouped = df.groupby('Year')
print grouped['Points'].agg(np.mean)

Its output is as follows −

Year
2014   795.25
2015   769.50
2016   725.00
2017   739.00
Name: Points, dtype: float64

Another way to see the size of each group is by applying the size() function −

Live Demo 
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
   'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
   'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
   'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
   'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}
df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)

Attribute Access in Python Pandas
grouped = df.groupby('Team')
print grouped.agg(np.size)

Its output is as follows −

         Points   Rank   Year
Team
Devils        2      2      2
Kings         3      3      3
Riders        4      4      4
Royals        2      2      2
kings         1      1      1

Applying Multiple Aggregation Functions at Once

With grouped Series, you can also pass a list or dict of functions to do aggregation with, and generate DataFrame as output −

Live Demo 
# import the pandas library
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
   'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
   'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
   'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
   'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}
df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)

grouped = df.groupby('Team')
print grouped['Points'].agg([np.sum, np.mean, np.std])

Its output is as follows −

Team      sum      mean          std
Devils   1536   768.000000   134.350288
Kings    2285   761.666667    24.006943
Riders   3049   762.250000    88.567771
Royals   1505   752.500000    72.831998
kings     812   812.000000          NaN

Transformations

Transformation on a group or a column returns an object that is indexed the same size of that is being grouped. Thus, the transform should return a result that is the same size as that of a group chunk.

Live Demo 
# import the pandas library
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
   'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
   'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
   'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
   'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}
df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)

grouped = df.groupby('Team')
score = lambda x: (x - x.mean()) / x.std()*10
print grouped.transform(score)

Its output is as follows −

       Points        Rank        Year
0   12.843272  -15.000000  -11.618950
1   3.020286     5.000000   -3.872983
2   7.071068    -7.071068   -7.071068
3  -7.071068     7.071068    7.071068
4  -8.608621    11.547005  -10.910895
5        NaN          NaN         NaN
6  -2.360428    -5.773503    2.182179
7  10.969049    -5.773503    8.728716
8  -7.705963     5.000000    3.872983
9  -7.071068     7.071068   -7.071068
10  7.071068    -7.071068    7.071068
11 -8.157595     5.000000   11.618950

Filtration

Filtration filters the data on a defined criteria and returns the subset of data. The filter() function is used to filter the data.

Live Demo 
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
   'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
   'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
   'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
   'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}
df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)

print df.groupby('Team').filter(lambda x: len(x) >= 3)

Its output is as follows −

    Points  Rank     Team   Year
0      876     1   Riders   2014
1      789     2   Riders   2015
4      741     3   Kings    2014
6      756     1   Kings    2016
7      788     1   Kings    2017
8      694     2   Riders   2016
11     690     2   Riders   2017

In the above filter condition, we are asking to return the teams which have participated three or more times in IPL.

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