Python - Keyword-Only Arguments

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Keyword-Only Arguments

You can use the variables in formal argument list as keywords to pass value. Use of keyword arguments is optional. But, you can force the function be given arguments by keyword only. You should put an astreisk (*) before the keyword-only arguments list.

Let us say we have a function with three arguments, out of which we want second and third arguments to be keyword-only. For that, put * after the first argument.

Example of Keyword-Only Arguments

The built-in print() function is an example of keyword-only arguments. You can give list of expressions to be printed in the parentheses. The printed values are separated by a white space by default. You can specify any other separation character instead with sep argument.

print ("Hello", "World", sep="-")

It will print −

Hello-World

More Examples

Example: Using sep Argument in print() Method

The sep argument is keyword-only. Try using it as non-keyword argument.

print ("Hello", "World", "-")

You'll get different output − not as desired.

Hello World -

Example: Using Keyword-Only With User-Defined Method

In the following user defined function intr() with two arguments, amt and rate. To make the rate argument keyword-only, put "*" before it.

def intr(amt,*, rate):
   val = amt*rate/100
   return val

To call this function, the value for rate must be passed by keyword.

interest = intr(1000, rate=10)

However, if you try to use the default positional way of calling the function, you get an error.

interest = intr(1000, 10)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TypeError: intr() takes 1 positional argument but 2 were given